SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN
Dossiers
La Société des Gens De Lettres (SGDL)
La Société des Gens De Lettres (SGDL)
Samurai : Code de l'honneur et Japon médiéval
Voilà près de 20 ans que Jean-François Di Giorgio et Frédéric Genêt ont créé la série Samurai. Les auteurs nous emmenéaient à travers une immense fresque historique dans le Japon médiéval. Le scénario, admirablement mené, immerge le lecteur dans les luttes intestines d’une période où la loi du sabre est toute puissante. L’honneur des samurais s’oppose aux volontés de conquête des petits seigneurs face à l’Empereur. Une période où les croyances et les forces de l’invisible sont encore bien présentes.
Le livre numérique fête ses 50 ans : un anniversaire, tout en histoire
Certains membres du Projet Gutenberg, célèbre plateforme dédiée à la préservation d'ouvrages du domaine public, ont décidé de sortir les bougies. L'ebook célèbre ses 50 années – né en 1971 ! – qu'il n'a effectivement pas l'air d'avoir. Si le grand public l'a découvert avec les premières liseuses, ActuaLitté, en partenariat avec ces passionnés, retrace une histoire de l'ebook. Un dossier exceptionnel.
Romans, nouveautés : les livres de Leïla Slimani
Leïla Slimani est une romancière et journaliste franco-marocaine née en 1981 à Rabat, au Maroc. Elle va faire ses études à Paris, où elle étudie la science politique et les relations internationales à l'Institut d'études politiques de Paris (Sciences Po) et le journalisme à l'ESJ Paris.
Festival Un week-end à l'Est : 2022, Odessa de l'espace
Un week-end à l’Est a été initié par Vera Michalski et Brigitte Bouchard en 2016 avec deux objectifs : raviver la vie culturelle dans le Quartier Latin et créer des passerelles entre les cultures. Cette année, il place la ville d’Odessa au cœur des rencontres, qui se dérouleront à Paris, du 23 au 28 novembre — littérature, cinéma, arts visuels, débats et concerts sont au programme.
Romans, nouveautés : les livres de Marc Levy
À 18 ans, Marc Levy s’engage dans la Croix Rouge et il y passe 6 ans. Puis, après avoir créé une société spécialisée dans les images de synthèses en France et aux États-Unis, il dirige un cabinet d'architecture.
Extraits
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN
More than ever before Japan is committed to becoming a science and technology-oriented nation. With the challenge of the Asian economic crisis in the late 1 990s, there is pressure on the Japanese economy to change. Japan continues to turn to science and technology to safeguard its future, but there is more than one path to follow. A team of three leading scholars in the field explore the dynamic relationship between science, technology and Japanese society, examining how it has contributed to economic growth and the well-being of the Japanese people. They ask if there is anything distinctively Japanese about Japanese science, in terms of both its development and application.
This book presents a synthesis of recent debates by juxtaposing competing views about the role and direction of science, technology and medical care in Japan. Much of the book looks at government policy, the role of the private sector, and the response of concerned citizens. Other topics discussed include computers and communication, quality control and the automobile industry, the aerospace industry, the environment, consumer electronics, changes in medical care, and the role of gender.
Part I explores the features of the Japanese model of research and development. It differentiates between basic and applied research and considers the question of cooperation versus competition in national R&D projects. Part 2 focuses on the relevance of science and technology to economic growth, and Part 3 examines the impact of globalisation on the flow of science and technology in and out of Japan. Part 4 critiques the concept of 'national interest', arguing that supposed national goals are often determined by powerful institutional or corporate groups with particular vested interests.
This book is an ideal introductory text for students in the sociology of science and technology, the history and philosophy of science, and Japanese studies. Up-to-date research and contemporary case studies make this an invaluable resource for readers interested in the nature of science and technology in the twenty-first century.
01/1999
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN WORLD HISTORY. An introduction
In modern industrial society, the tic between science and technology seems clear, even inevitable. But historically, as James E. McClellan III and Harold Dorn remind us, the connection was far less apparent. For much of human history, technology depended more on the innovation of skilled artisans than it did on the speculation of scientists. Technology as "applied science," the authors argue, emerged relatively recently, as industry and governments began funding scientific research that would lead directly to new or improved technologies. In Science and Technology in World History, McClellan and Dorn offer an introduction to this changing relationship.
McClellan and Dorn review the historical record beginning with the thinking and tool making of prehistoric humans. Neolithic people, for example, developed metallurgy of a sort, using naturally occurring raw copper, and kept systematic records of the moon's phases. Neolithic craftsmen possessed practical knowledge of the behavior of clay, fire, and other elements of their environment, but though they may have had explanations for the phenomena of their crafts, they toiled without any systematic science of materials or the self-conscious application of theory to practice.
Without neglecting important figures of Western science such as Newton and Einstein, the authors demonstrate the great achievements of non-Western cultures. They remind us that scientific traditions took root in China, India, and Central and South America, as well as in a series of Near Eastern empires, during late antiquity and the Middle Ages, including the vast region that formed the Islamic conquest. From this comparative perspective, the authors explore the emergence of Europe as a scientific and technological power. Continuing their narrative through the Manhattan Project, NASA, and modern medical research, the authors weave the converging histories of science and technology into an integrated, perceptive, and highly readable narrative.
"Professors McClellan and Dorn have written a survey that does not present the historical development of science simply as a Western phenomenon but as the result of wide-ranging human curiosity about nature and attempts to harness its powers in order to serve human needs. This is an impressive amount of material to organize in a single textbook."
- Paula Findlen, Stanford University
01/1999
Histoire et Philosophiesophie
Concepts of Mass in Contemporary Physics and Philosophy
The concept of mass is one of the most fundamental notions in physics, comparable in importance only to those of space and time. But in contrast to the latter, which are the subject of innumerable physical and philosophical studies, the concept of mass has been but rarely investigated. Here Max Jammer, a leading philosopher and historian of physics, provides a concise but comprehensive, coherent, and self-contained study of the concept of mass as it is defined, interpreted, and applied in contemporary physics and as it is critically examined in the modern philosophy of science. With its focus on theories proposed after the mid-1950s, the book is the first of its kind, covering the most recent experimental and theoretical investigations into the nature of mass and its role in modern physics, from the realm of elementary particles to the cosmology of galaxies.
The book begins with an analysis of the persistent difficulties of defining inertial mass in a noncircular manner and discusses the related question of whether mass is an observational or a theoretical concept. It then studies the notion of mass in special relativity and the delicate problem of whether the relativistic rest mass is the only legitimate notion of mass and whether it is identical with the classical (Newtonian) mass. This is followed by a critical analysis of the different derivations of the famous mass-energy relationship E = mc2 and its conflicting interpretations. Jammer then devotes a chapter to the distinction between inertial and gravitational mass and to the various versions of the so-called equivalence principle with which Newton initiated his Principia but which also became the starting point of Einstein's general relativity, which supersedes Newtonian physics. The book concludes with a presentation of recently proposed global and local dynamical theories of the origin and nature of mass.
Destined to become a much-consulted reference for philosophers and physicists, this book is also written for the nonprofessional general reader interested in the foundations of physics.
01/2000
Sociologie
Marital Separation in Contemporary Ireland
This book is based on detailed interviews with a group of Irish women who have experienced marital separation. It links the women's accounts with literature on the values and beliefs about marriage, women and family which were prevalent when they were growing up in Ireland in the 1950s and 1960s. The book chronicles their young adult years, the early stages of their marriages and the events and processes which led to their separations. It explores the women's emotional reactions at the time of separating, the types of support which they found beneficial and the personal, social and financial consequences of having separated. Although the book is written from a sociological perspective, the combination of theory and practical insights make it accessible to a wide variety of readers. It aims to generate discussion and deepen understanding of an area into which there has been minimal research in Ireland and which poses a range of important questions for future researchers, practitioners and policy-makers.
12/2015
Mouvements artistiques
Hockney's Eye. The Art and Technology of Depiction
David Hockney is the best known and most widely admired painter in the world. This vibrant catalogue accompanies a major exhibition at the The Fitzwilliam Museum and the Heong Gallery in Cambridge, as well as the Teylers Museum in Haarlem, Netherlands. Throughout his long career, David Hockney has insistently explored diverse ways of depicting the visible world. He has scrutinised the methods of the old masters, and explored radical departures from their cherished assumptions The exhibition and accompanying book are the first to focus on this central theme in his art. "Western art" from the Renaissance until at least the late 19th century has been dominated by the depiction of nature. Was this to be accomplished by direct looking (called "eyeballing" by Hockney) or with the assistance of optical theory and devices, such as cameras ? Hockney has experimented with the full range of existing strategies, overtly using perspective in some of his classic pictures and rigorously investigating optical aids for the imitation of nature, including the camera obscura and camera lucida. Yet he has come to reject the photograph as the definitive image of what we see. Along the way, he has identified a "camera culture'' in European painting from 1400, arguing very controversially that the supreme naturalism of painters like Jan van Eyck are the product of optical devices. His book, Secret Knowledge (2001), with its majestic panorama of paintings over the course of five centuries, claims that art historians have missed the central aspect of painters' practice. The "Hockney thesis" has been received more favourably outside the professional world of art history than in it. His own artistic practice has been in vigorous dialogue with his radical thesis, and he has progressively demonstrated new and dynamic ways of characterising the visual world without perspective and other conventional techniques. This quest results a series of joyous challenges to our ways of seeing in the major exhibition in Cambridge at the Fitzwilliam Museum and in the Heong Gallery (Downing College). It will look at the whole span of Hockney's varied career and at the nature of the optical devices he has tested. His vision will be explored in the setting of traditional masterpieces of naturalistic observation, and in the context of modern sciences and technologies of seeing. The first section of the book looks at his thrilling experiments in seeing and representing in broad historical and contemporary contexts. This is followed by discussions of pre-photographic devices for capturing the appearances of things by optical means. The third section includes essays on Hockney's experiments from the perspectives of neuroscience and computer vision. In short, it reveals in a new way the working of Hockney's unique eye.
04/2022
Non classé
Contemporary Studies in the National Olympic Games Movement
National Olympic Games were more closely connected with the Ancient Greek ideal than the modern international Olympic Games of de Coubertin. Moreover, such national or regional Olympic Games have not only been precursors for the international Olympic Games but also they have been further developed parallel with the international Olympic Movement - even in the 20th century, in Europe, in North and South America and in Asia. In the emerging nation states of Europe, both before as well as after the turn of the century, these national Olympic Games had a more important function (identity-forming) than the Olympic Games.
10/1997
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